Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Female , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglouilin G (IgG) and immunoglouilin M (IgM) antibodies have been widely used to assist clinical diagnosis. Our previous study reported a discrepancy in SARS-CoV-2 antibody response between male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the duration and discrepancy between ages as well as sexes of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients have not been clarified. In this study, a total of 538 health-examination individuals who were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection a year ago were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and detected for IgM and IgG antibodies. Among these convalescent patients, 12.80% were detected positive for IgM antibodies. The positive rates for IgM antibody were close between sexes: for males, this is 9.17% and for females 13.75%. However, the IgG antibody was detected positive in as much as 82.90% convalescent patients and the positive rates were nearly the same between males (82.57%) and females (82.98%). Besides this, the level of IgM and IgG antibodies showed no difference between male and female convalescent patients. The level of IgG antibodies showed a significant difference between ages. The elder patients (over 35 years old) maintained a higher level of IgG antibody than the younger patients (under or equal 35 years old) after recovering for 1 year. In addition, IgG antibody was more vulnerable to disappear in younger patients than in elder patients. Overall, our study identified over 1-year duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibody and age difference of IgG antibody response in convalescent COVID-19 patients. These findings may provide new insights into long-term humoral immune response, vaccines efficacy and age-based personalized vaccination strategies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , COVID-19/immunology , Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phosphoproteins/immunology , Sex Factors , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology , Young AdultSubject(s)
COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Lung , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
COVID-19 , Pediatrics , Child , Diagnostic Imaging , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Humans , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus/mortality , Inpatients , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Adult , COVID-19 , Case-Control Studies , China/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pilot Projects , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/blood , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Myocardium/metabolism , Pneumonia, Viral/blood , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Biomarkers/blood , COVID-19 , Case-Control Studies , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Hospitalization , Humans , Myoglobin/blood , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Troponin I/bloodSubject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Inpatients , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Betacoronavirus , Biomarkers , COVID-19 , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coronaviruses, both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China. They have certain biological, epidemiological and pathological similarities. To date, research has shown that their genes exhibit 79% of identical sequences and the receptor-binding domain structure is also very similar. There has been extensive research performed on SARS; however, the understanding of the pathophysiological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. METHODS: This review drew upon the lessons learnt from SARS, in terms of epidemiology, clinical characteristics and pathogenesis, to further understand the features of COVID-19. RESULTS: By comparing these two diseases, it found that COVID-19 has quicker and wider transmission, obvious family agglomeration, and higher morbidity and mortality. Newborns, asymptomatic children and normal chest imaging cases emerged in COVID-19 literature. Children starting with gastrointestinal symptoms may progress to severe conditions and newborns whose mothers are infected with COVID-19 could have severe complications. The laboratory test data showed that the percentage of neutrophils and the level of LDH is higher, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells is decreased in children's COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION: Based on these early observations, as pediatricians, this review put forward some thoughts on children's COVID-19 and gave some recommendations to contain the disease.